CovidSeniorV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000587

Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU.

Identifieur interne : 000587 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000586; suivant : 000588

Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU.

Auteurs : Ehsan Sharifipour [Iran] ; Saeed Shams [Iran] ; Mohammad Esmkhani [Iran] ; Javad Khodadadi [Iran] ; Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani [Iran] ; Alireza Koohpaei [Iran] ; Zahra Doosti [Iran] ; Samad Ej Golzari [Allemagne]

Source :

BMC infectious diseases [ 1471-2334 ] ; 2020.

RBID : pubmed:32873235

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Acinetobacter Infections (complications), Acinetobacter Infections (epidemiology), Acinetobacter Infections (microbiology), Acinetobacter baumannii (drug effects), Acinetobacter baumannii (isolation & purification), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology), Betacoronavirus (physiology), Coinfection (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (complications), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Diabetes Complications (epidemiology), Female (MeSH), Heart Diseases (complications), Humans (MeSH), Hypertension (complications), Intensive Care Units (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (drug effects), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (isolation & purification), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (complications), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Respiratory System (microbiology), Staphylococcal Infections (complications), Staphylococcal Infections (epidemiology), Staphylococcal Infections (microbiology), Staphylococcus aureus (drug effects), Staphylococcus aureus (isolation & purification).
MESH :
- chemical , pharmacology : Anti-Bacterial Agents.
- complications : Acinetobacter Infections, Coronavirus Infections, Heart Diseases, Hypertension, Pneumonia, Viral, Staphylococcal Infections.
- drug effects : Acinetobacter baumannii, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
- epidemiology : Acinetobacter Infections, Coinfection, Coronavirus Infections, Diabetes Complications, Pneumonia, Viral, Staphylococcal Infections.
- isolation & purification : Acinetobacter baumannii, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
- microbiology : Acinetobacter Infections, Respiratory System, Staphylococcal Infections.
- physiology : Betacoronavirus.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients. Hence, we designed the current study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs.

METHODS

Nineteen patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Endotracheal aspirate samples were also collected and cultured on different media to support the growth of the bacteria. After incubation, formed colonies on the media were identified using Gram staining and other biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations.

RESULTS

Of nineteen COVID-19 patients, 11 (58%) patients were male and 8 (42%) were female, with a mean age of ~ 67 years old. The average ICU length of stay was ~ 15 days and at the end of the study, 18 cases (95%) expired and only was 1 case (5%) discharged. In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. There was no difference in the bacteria species detected in any of the sampling points. Seventeen of 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to the evaluated antibiotics. No metallo-beta-lactamases -producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain was found. One of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isolated from the patient who died, while another Staphylococcus aureus strain was susceptible to tested drugs and identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to bacterial co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19.

DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z
PubMed: 32873235
PubMed Central: PMC7461753

Affiliations:

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Le document en format XML

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<term>Acinetobacter Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Acinetobacter Infections (microbiology)</term>
<term>Acinetobacter baumannii (drug effects)</term>
<term>Acinetobacter baumannii (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term>
<term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (physiology)</term>
<term>Coinfection (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (complications)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
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<term>Heart Diseases (complications)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hypertension (complications)</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units (MeSH)</term>
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<term>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (isolation & purification)</term>
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<term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term>
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<term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Antibactériens (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Appareil respiratoire (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (physiologie)</term>
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<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hypertension artérielle (complications)</term>
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<term>Infections à Acinetobacter (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Infections à Acinetobacter (épidémiologie)</term>
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<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
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<term>Infections à staphylocoques (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Infections à staphylocoques (épidémiologie)</term>
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<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (complications)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline (isolement et purification)</term>
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<term>Unités de soins intensifs (MeSH)</term>
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<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Heart Diseases</term>
<term>Hypertension</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Acinetobacter baumannii</term>
<term>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acinetobacter baumannii</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline</term>
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<term>Coinfection</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Diabetes Complications</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
<term>Staphylococcal Infections</term>
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<term>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acinetobacter baumannii</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus</term>
<term>Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Appareil respiratoire</term>
<term>Infections à Acinetobacter</term>
<term>Infections à staphylocoques</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Acinetobacter Infections</term>
<term>Respiratory System</term>
<term>Staphylococcal Infections</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antibactériens</term>
<term>Cardiopathies</term>
<term>Hypertension artérielle</term>
<term>Infections à Acinetobacter</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Infections à staphylocoques</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Complications du diabète</term>
<term>Infections à Acinetobacter</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Infections à staphylocoques</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Aged, 80 and over</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Intensive Care Units</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
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<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients. Hence, we designed the current study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Nineteen patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Endotracheal aspirate samples were also collected and cultured on different media to support the growth of the bacteria. After incubation, formed colonies on the media were identified using Gram staining and other biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>Of nineteen COVID-19 patients, 11 (58%) patients were male and 8 (42%) were female, with a mean age of ~ 67 years old. The average ICU length of stay was ~ 15 days and at the end of the study, 18 cases (95%) expired and only was 1 case (5%) discharged. In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. There was no difference in the bacteria species detected in any of the sampling points. Seventeen of 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to the evaluated antibiotics. No metallo-beta-lactamases -producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain was found. One of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isolated from the patient who died, while another Staphylococcus aureus strain was susceptible to tested drugs and identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>
</p>
<p>Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to bacterial co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32873235</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1471-2334</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Sep</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>BMC infectious diseases</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>BMC Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>646</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients. Hence, we designed the current study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Nineteen patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Endotracheal aspirate samples were also collected and cultured on different media to support the growth of the bacteria. After incubation, formed colonies on the media were identified using Gram staining and other biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Of nineteen COVID-19 patients, 11 (58%) patients were male and 8 (42%) were female, with a mean age of ~ 67 years old. The average ICU length of stay was ~ 15 days and at the end of the study, 18 cases (95%) expired and only was 1 case (5%) discharged. In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. There was no difference in the bacteria species detected in any of the sampling points. Seventeen of 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to the evaluated antibiotics. No metallo-beta-lactamases -producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain was found. One of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isolated from the patient who died, while another Staphylococcus aureus strain was susceptible to tested drugs and identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to bacterial co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharifipour</LastName>
<ForeName>Ehsan</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shams</LastName>
<ForeName>Saeed</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-3126</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pardis Campus, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. sshamsmed@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Esmkhani</LastName>
<ForeName>Mohammad</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ali Ebne Abitaleb Hospital, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khodadadi</LastName>
<ForeName>Javad</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fotouhi-Ardakani</LastName>
<ForeName>Reza</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pardis Campus, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koohpaei</LastName>
<ForeName>Alireza</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Occupational health & Safety Department, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Doosti</LastName>
<ForeName>Zahra</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pardis Campus, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ej Golzari</LastName>
<ForeName>Samad</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>BMC Infect Dis</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>100968551</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1471-2334</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000900">Anti-Bacterial Agents</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName>
<SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName>
</SupplMeshList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000151" MajorTopicYN="N">Acinetobacter Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D040981" MajorTopicYN="N">Acinetobacter baumannii</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="Y">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000900" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Bacterial Agents</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060085" MajorTopicYN="N">Coinfection</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D048909" MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetes Complications</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006331" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Diseases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006973" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypertension</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007362" MajorTopicYN="N">Intensive Care Units</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055624" MajorTopicYN="N">Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012137" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiratory System</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013203" MajorTopicYN="N">Staphylococcal Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013211" MajorTopicYN="N">Staphylococcus aureus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="Y">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">2019-nCoV</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">A. baumannii</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Bacteria</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Co-infection</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">S. aureus</Keyword>
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<Day>04</Day>
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Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU.

Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU.

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